PUBLICATIONS (AS A PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR)
(https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iqy_D5y446wfcv7L-g1qINY7afn7dH6W/view)

12. "Enzyme Mechanisms for Polycyclic Triterpene Formation" Wendt, K. U.; Schulz, G. E.; Corey, E. J.; Liu, D.
R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 39, 2813-2833 (2000).
13. "The Generality of DNA-Templated Synthesis as a Basis for Evolving Non-Natural Small Molecules" Gartner,
Z. J. and Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 6961-6963 (2001). A Highlight describing this work appears in
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41, 89-90 (2002).
14. "An In Vivo Selection System for Homing Endonuclease Activity" Gruen, M.; Chang, K.; Serbanescu, I.; Liu,
D. R. Nucleic Acids Research 30, e29 (2002).
15. "Recent Advances in the In Vitro Evolution of Nucleic Acids" Bittker, J. A.; Phillips, K. J.; Liu, D. R. Curr.
Opin. Chem. Biol., 6, 367-374 (2002).
16. "Expanding the Reaction Scope of DNA-Templated Synthesis" Gartner, Z, J.; Kanan, M. W.; Liu, D. R.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41, 1796-1800 (2002). This work is featured in an online Nature Science Update
(http://www.nature.com/nsu/nsu_pf/020527/020527-1.html).
17. "Nucleic Acid Evolution and Minimization by Nonhomologous Random Recombination" Bittker, J. A.; Le, B.
V.; Liu, D. R. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 1024-1029 (2002).
18. "Multistep Small-Molecule Synthesis Programmed by DNA Templates" Gartner, Z. J.; Kanan, M. W.; Liu, D.
R. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 10304-10306 (2002). News stories describing this work appear in Chem. &
Eng. News 80 [34] 12 (2002), and in Science, 300, 242 (2003).
19. "Directing Otherwise Incompatible Reactions in a Single Solution Using DNA-Templated Organic Synthesis"
Calderone, C. T.; Puckett, J. W.; Gartner, Z. J.; Liu, D. R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41, 4104-4108 (2002). This
work is featured as an Editor's Choice in Science 298 [5598], 1517 (2002).
20. "Two Enabling Architectures for DNA-Templated Organic Synthesis" Gartner, Z. J.; Grubina, R.; Calderone,
C. T.; Liu, D. R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42, 1370-1375 (2003). A Science and Technology Concentrate
describing this work appears in Chem. & Eng. News 81 [13] 24 (2003).
21. "In Vivo Evolution of an RNA Transcriptional Activator" Buskirk, A. R.; Kehayova, P. D.; Landrigan, A.; Liu, D.
R. Chem. Biol. 10, 533-540 (2003). This paper is noted as an article of interest in Cell 113 (7) and
previewed in a separate article in Chem. Biol. 10, 584-585 (2003).
22. "Stereoselectivity in DNA-Templated Organic Synthesis and Its Origins" Li, X. and Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 125, 10188-10189 (2003).
23. "Highly Sensitive In Vitro Selections for DNA-Linked Synthetic Small Molecules with Protein Binding Affinity
and Specificity" Doyon, J. B.; Snyder, T. M.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 12372-12373 (2003).
24. "Efficient and Sequence-Specific DNA-Templated Polymerization of PNA Aldehydes" Rosenbaum, D. M. and
Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 13924-13925 (2003). This work is highlighted in a Science and
Technology story in Chem. & Eng. News 82 [3] 64 (2004).
25. "Expanding the Genetic Code In Vitro and In Vivo" Magliery, T. J.; Liu, D. R. in The Genetic Code and the
Origin of Life Ed. Ribas de Pouplana, L. Landes Bioscience and Springer, (2004).
26. “Translation of DNA into Synthetic N-Acyloxazolidines” Li, X.; Gartner, Z. J.; Tse, B. N.; Liu, D. R. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 126, 5090-5092 (2004).
27. “DNA-Templated Organic Synthesis: Nature’s Strategy for Controlling Chemical Reactivity Applied to
Synthetic Molecules” Li, X.; Liu, D. R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 4848-4870 (2004). This paper was
selected by the Angewandte Chemie Editorial Board as one of the 12 best Angewandte Chemie review
articles in 2004.
28. “Directed Evolution of Protein Enzymes Using Nonhomologous Random Recombination” Bittker, J. A.;
Le, B. V.; Liu, J. M.; Liu, D. R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 7011-7016 (2004).
29. "Engineering a Ligand-Dependent RNA Transcriptional Activator" Buskirk, A. R.; Landrigan, A.; Liu, D.
R. Chem. Biol. 11, 1157-1163 (2004). This work is featured in a Research Highlight in Nat. Methods 1,
6-7 (2004).
30. “Directed Evolution of Ligand Dependence: Small Molecule-Dependent Protein Splicing” Buskirk, A. R.; Ong,
Y.-C.; Gartner, Z. J.; Liu, D. R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 10505-10510 (2004).
31. “DNA-Templated Organic Synthesis and Selection of a Library of Macrocycles” Gartner, Z. J.; Tse, B. N.;
Grubina, R.; Doyon, J. B.; Snyder, T. M.; Liu, D. R. Science 305, 1601-1605 (2004). Featured as a
Research Highlight in Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 1247 (2004).
32. “Reaction Discovery Enabled by DNA-Templated Synthesis and In Vitro Selection” Kanan, M. W.;
Rozenman, M. M.; Sakurai, K.; Snyder, T. M., Liu, D. R. Nature 431, 545-549 (2004). This work is featured
in a news focus article in Science 305, 1558 (2004), in a Science and Technology Concentrate in Chem. &
Eng. News 82 [40], 31 (2004), and in a News and Views commentary in Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 1378-1379
(2004).
33. “Nucleic Acid-Templated Synthesis as a Model System for Ancient Translation” Calderone, C. T. and Liu, D.
R. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 8, 645-653 (2004).
34. “In Vitro Characterization of IroB, a Pathogen-Associated C-Glycosyltransferase” Fischbach, M. A.; Lin, H.;
Liu, D. R.; Walsh, C. T. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 571-576 (2005).
35. “Creating Small Molecule-Dependent Switches to Modulate Biological Functions” Buskirk, A. R. and Liu, D.
R. Chem. Biol. 12, 151-161 (2005).

36. “DNA-Templated Functional Group Transformations Enable Sequence-Programmed Synthesis Using Small-
Molecule Reagents” Sakurai, K.; Snyder, T. M.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 1660-1661 (2005).

37. “Functional Dissection of sRNA Translational Regulators Using Nonhomologous Random Recombination
and In Vivo Selection” Liu, J. M.; Bittker, J. A.; Lonshteyn, M.; Liu, D. R. Chem. Biol. 12, 757-767 (2005).
38. “In Vitro Characterization of Salmochelin and Enterobactin Trilactone Hydrolases IroD, IroE, and Fes” Lin,
H.; Fischbach, M. A.; Liu, D. R.; Walsh, C. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 11075-11084 (2005).
39. “Ordered Multistep Synthesis in a Single Solution Directed by DNA Templates” Snyder, T. M. and Liu, D. R.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 7379-7382 (2005).
40. “Small-Molecule Diversification From Iterated Branching Reaction Pathways Enabled by DNA-Templated
Synthesis” Calderone, C. T. and Liu, D. R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 7383-7386 (2005).
41. “DNA-Templated Synthesis in Organic Solvents” Rozenman, M.; Liu, D. R. ChemBioChem 7, 253-256
(2006).
42. “Enzymatic Tailoring of Enterobactin Alters Membrane Partitioning and Iron Acquisition” Luo, M.; Lin, H.;
Fischbach, M. A.; Liu, D. R.; Walsh, C. T.; Groves, J. T. ACS Chem. Biol. 1, 29-32 (2006).
43. “Directed Evolution and Substrate Specificity Profile of Homing Endonuclease I-SceI” Doyon, J.; Pattanayak,
V.; Meyer, C. B.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 2477-2484 (2006).
44. “How Pathogenic Bacteria Evade Mammalian Sabotage in the Battle for Iron” Fischbach, M. A.; Lin, H.; Liu,
D. R.; Walsh, C. T. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2, 132-138 (2006).
45. “A Protein Interaction Surface in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis Mapped by Combinatorial Mutagenesis
and Selection” Lai, J. R.; Fischbach, M. A.; Liu, D. R.; Walsh, C. T. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 5314-
5319 (2006).
46. “Control of Transcription Factor Activity and Osteoblast Differentiation in Mammalian Cells Using an Evolved
Small-Molecule-Dependent Intein” Yuen, C. M.; Rodda, S. J.; Vokes, S. A.; McMahon, A. P.; Liu, D. R. J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 8939-8946 (2006). This work is featured in a Science and Technology Concentrate in
Chem & Eng. News 84 [26], 34 (2006), as a Spotlight in ACS Chem. Biol. 1, 328 (2006), and as a News and
Views article in Nature 442, 517-518 (2006).

47. “Bromoenterobactins as Potent Inhibitors of a Pathogen-Associated, Siderophore-Modifying C-
Glycosyltransferase” Lin, H.; Fischbach, M. A.; Gatto Jr., G. J.; Liu, D. R.; Walsh, C. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc.

128, 9324-9325 (2006).
48. “Localized Protein Interaction Surfaces on the EntB Carrier Protein Revealed by Combinatorial Mutagenesis
and Selection” Lai, J. R.; Fischbach, M. A.; Liu, D. R.; Walsh, C. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 11002-11003
(2006).
49. “Binding and Stability Determinants of the PPARg Nuclear Receptor/Coactivator Interface as Revealed by
Shotgun Alanine Scanning and In Vivo Selection” Phillips, K. J.; Rosenbaum, D. M.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 128, 11298-11306 (2006).
50. “The Pathogen-Associated iroA Gene Cluster Mediates Bacterial Evasion of Lipocalin 2” Fischbach, M.A.;
Lin, H.; Zhou, L.; Yu, Y.; Abergel, R. J.; Liu, D. R.; Raymond, K. N.; Wanner, B. L.; Strong, R. K.; Walsh, C.
T.; Aderem, A.; Smith, K. D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 16502-16507 (2006).
51. “In Vivo Evolution of an RNA-Based Transcriptional Silencing Domain in S. cerevisiae” Kehayova, P. D. and
Liu, D. R. Chem. Biol. 14, 65-74 (2007). This work is featured in a Research Highlight in Nat. Methods 4,
297 (2007).
52. “Synthesis of Acyclic a,b-Unsaturated Ketones via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reaction of Alkynamides
and Alkenes" Momiyama, N.; Kanan, M. W.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 2230-2231 (2007).
53. “Solving Chemical Problems Through the Application of Evolutionary Principles” Rozenman, M. M.;
McNaughton, B. R.; Liu, D. R. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 11, 259-268 (2007).
54. “Directed Evolution Can Rapidly Improve the Activity of Chimeric Assembly-Line Enzymes” Fischbach, M. A.;
Lai, J. R.; Roche, E. D.; Walsh, C. T.; Liu. D. R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 11951-11956 (2007).
55. “Supercharging Proteins Can Impart Extraordinary Resilience” Lawrence, M. S.; Phillips, K. J.; Liu, D. R. J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 10110-10112 (2007). This work is featured in a Research Highlight in Nature 448, 973
(2007) and in a News & Views article in Nature 449, 555 (2007).
56. “Identification of Eukaryotic Promoter Regulatory Elements Using Nonhomologous Random Recombination”
Doyon, J. B.; Liu, D. R. Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 5851-5860 (2007).
57. “Dissecting Protein Structure and Function Using Directed Evolution” Yuen, C. M.; Liu, D. R. Nat. Methods 4,
995-997 (2007).
58. “Discovery of a mRNA Mitochondrial Localization Element in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Nonhomologous
Random Recombination and In Vivo Selection” Liu, J. M.; Liu, D. R. Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 6750-6761
(2007).
59. “Development and Initial Application of a Hybridization-Independent, DNA-Encoded Reaction Discovery
System Compatible with Organic Solvents” Rozenman, M. M.; Kanan, M. W.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
129, 14933-14938 (2007). This work is featured in a Science and Technology Concentrate in Chem. & Eng.
News 85 (47), 43.
60. “Effects of Template Sequence and Secondary Structure on DNA-Templated Reactivity” Snyder, T. M.; Tse,
B. N.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 1392-1401 (2008).
61. “DNA-Templated Polymerization of Side-Chain-Functionalized Peptide Nucleic Acid Aldehydes” Kleiner, R.
E.; Brudno, Y.; Birnbaum, M. E.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 4646-4659 (2008).
62. “Translation of DNA into a Library of 13,000 Synthetic Small-Molecule Macrocycles Suitable for In Vitro
Selection” Tse, B. N.; Snyder, T. M.; Shen, Y.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 15611-15626 (2008).
63. “Recent Progress Towards the Templated Synthesis and Directed Evolution of Sequence-Defined Synthetic
Polymers” Brudno, Y. and Liu, D. R. Chem. Biol. 16, 265-276 (2009).
64. “Mammalian Cell Penetration, siRNA Transfection, and DNA Transfection by Supercharged Proteins”
McNaughton, B. R.; Cronican, J. J.; Thompson, D. B.; Liu, D. R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 6111-6116
(2009). This work was featured as a Research Highlight in Nat. Methods 6, 322 (2009).
65. “A Chemical Screen for Biological Small Molecule-RNA Conjugates Reveals Coenzyme A-Linked RNA”
Kowtoniuk, W. E.; Shen, Y.; Heemstra, J. M.; Agarwal, I.; Liu, D. R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 7768-
7773 (2009). This work was featured in a news story in Chemistry World (April 20, 2009), in a news story in
C&E News 87 [17], 9 (2009), in a Research Highlight in Nat. Chem. Biol. 5, 380 (2009), and in a Highlight in
ChemBioChem 10, 2145-2146 (2009).
66. “Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Mammalian DNA by the MLL Fusion Partner,
TET1” Tahiliani, M.; Koh, K. P.; Shen, Y.; Pastor, W. A.; Bandukwala, H.; Brudno, Y.; Agarwal, S.; Iyer, L. M;
Liu, D. R.; Aravind, L.; Rao, A. Science 324, 930-935 (2009). This work was featured in a Spotlight in ACS
Chem. Biol. 4, 315 (2009), in a Research Highlight in Nature 458, 1080 (2009), and in a Cover Story in C&E
News 87 [37], 11 (2009).
67. “Reactivity-Dependent PCR: Direct, Solution-Phase In Vitro Selection for Bond Formation” Gorin, D. J.;
Kamlet, A. S.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 9189-9191 (2009). This work was featured in a news story
in Chemistry World (June 18, 2009).
68. “Templated Synthesis of Peptide Nucleic Acids via Sequence-Selective Base-Filling Reactions” Heemstra, J.
M.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 11347-11349 (2009).
69. “LC/MS Analysis of Cellular RNA Reveals NAD-Linked RNA” Chen, Y. G.; Kowtoniuk, W. E.; Agarwal, I.;
Shen, Y.; Liu, D. R. Nat. Chem. Biol. 5, 879-881 (2009).
70. “Photoswitching Mechanism of Cyanine Dyes” Dempsey, G. T.; Bates, M.; Kowtoniuk, W. E.; Liu, D. R.;
Tsien, R. Y.; Zhuang, X. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 18192-18193 (2009). This work was featured in a Science
and Technology Concentrate in C&E News 87 [50], 34 (2009).
71. “A Small Molecule Inhibitor of Tgf-β Signaling Replaces Sox2 in Reprogramming by Inducing Nanog” Ichida,
J. K.; Blanchard, J.; Lam, K.; Son, E. Y.; Chung, J. E.; Egli, D.; Loh, K. M.; Carter, A. C. ; Di Giorgio, F. P.;
Koszka, K.; Huangfu, D.; Akutsu, H.; Liu, D. R.; Rubin, L. L.; Eggan, K. Cell Stem Cell 5, 491-503 (2009).
72. “An In Vitro Translation, Selection, and Amplification System for Peptide Nucleic Acids” Brudno, Y.;
Birnbaum, M. E.; Kleiner, R. E.; Liu, D. R. Nat. Chem. Biol. 6, 148-155 (2010). This work was featured in a
News and Views article in Nat. Chem. Biol. 6, 87-88 (2010), and was also featured in an article highlighting
Nat. Chem. Biol. papers over the five-year history of the journal in Nat. Chem. Biol. 6, 387-389 (2010).
73. “The Behavior of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Bisulfite Sequencing” Huang, Y.; Pastor, W. A.; Shen, Y.;
Tahiliani, M.; Liu, D. R.; Rao, A. PLoS ONE 5, e8888 (2010).
74. “Enhanced Functional Potential of Nucleic Acid Aptamer Libraries Patterned to Increase Secondary
Structure” Ruff, K. M.; Snyder, T. M.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 9453-9464 (2010).
75. “Potent Delivery of Functional Proteins into Mammalian Cells in Vitro and in Vivo Using a Supercharged
Protein” Cronican, J. J.; Thompson D. B.; Beier, K. T.; McNaughton, B. R.; Cepko, C. L.; Liu, D. R. ACS
Chem. Biol. 5, 747-752 (2010).
76. “In Vitro Selection of a DNA-Templated Small-Molecule Library Reveals a Class of Macrocyclic Kinase
Inhibitors” Kleiner, R. E.; Dumelin, C.; Tiu, G. C.; Sakurai, K.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 11779-
11791 (2010).
77. “Autonomous Multistep Organic Synthesis in a Single Isothermal Solution Mediated by a DNA Walker” He, Y.
and Liu, D. R. Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 778-782 (2010). The work was featured in a news story in Chemistry
World (October 10, 2010), in a News and Views article in Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 760-761 (2010), and in a
Research Highlight in Nat. Methods 7, 952 (2010).
78. “Interaction-Dependent PCR Identifies Target-Ligand Pairs from Libraries of Targets and Ligands”
McGregor, L. M.; Gorin, D. J.; Dumelin, C. E.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 15522-15524 (2010).
79. “Molecules of Life: A General Education Approach to the Science of Living Systems” Tse, B. N.; Clardy, J.;
Liu, D. R. in Science and the Educated American: A Core Component of Liberal Education, Meinwald, J.
and Hildebrand, J. G. (Eds.) Washington, DC: American Academy of Arts and Sciences pp. 180-217 (2010).
80. “A Biomolecule-Compatible Visible Light-Induced Azide Reduction from a DNA-Encoded Reaction Discovery
System” Chen, Y.; Kamlet, A. S.; Steinman, J. B.; Liu, D. R. Nat. Chem. 3, 146-153 (2011).
81. “A De Novo Protein Binding Pair by Computational Design and Directed Evolution” Karanicolas, J.; Corn, J.
E.; Chen, I.; Joachimiak, L. A.; Dym, O.; Chung S.; Albeck, S.; Unger, T.; Hu, W.; Liu, G.; Delbecq, S.;
Montelione, G.; Spiegel, C.; Liu, D. R.; Baker, D. Mol. Cell 42, 250-260 (2011).
82. “A System for the Continuous Directed Evolution of Biomolecules” Esvelt, K. M.; Carlson, J. C.; Liu, D. R.
Nature 472, 499–503 (2011). This work was featured in a news story in C&E News 89 [16] (April 14, 2011),
as a news story in the MIT Technology Review (April 18, 2011), in a News and Views article in Nat. Chem.
Biol. 7, 252-253 (2001), in a feature article in BioTechniques, as a research highlight in Nat. Methods 8, 451
(2011), in a technology feature in Nat. Methods 8, 623 (2011), as a news story in SciBX 4 [18], 5 (2011), and
as a news story in Ars Technica (May 15, 2011).
83. "Directed Evolution of a Small Molecule-Triggered Intein with Improved Splicing Properties in Mammalian
Cells” Peck, S.; Chen, I.; Liu, D. R. Chem. Biol. 18, 619-630 (2011).
84. “Inhibition of Bacterial Conjugation by Phage M13 and Its Protein g3p: Quantitative Analysis and Model” Lin,
A.; Jimenez J.; Derr, J.; Vera, P.; Manapat, M. L.; Esvelt, K. M.; Villanueva, L.; Liu, D. R.; Chen, I. A. PLoS
One 6, e19991 (2011).
85. “Opposing Effects of Tcf3 and Tcf1 Control Wnt-Stimulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Self Renewal” Yi, F.;
Pereira, L.; Hoffman, J.A.; Shy, B.; Yuen C. M.; Liu, D.R.; Merrill, B.J. Nat. Cell Biol. 13, 762-770 (2011).
86. “A Sequential Strand-Displacement Strategy Enables Efficient Six-Step DNA-Templated Synthesis” He, Y.,
Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 9972-9975 (2011).
87. “A Class of Human Proteins that Deliver Functional Proteins into Mammalian Cells In Vitro and In Vivo”
Cronican, J. J.; Beier, K. T.; Davis, T. N.; Tseng, J.; Li, W.; Thompson, D. B.; Shih, A. F.; Cepko, C. L.; Kung,
A. L.; Zhou, Q.; Liu, D. R. Chem. Biol. 18, 833-838 (2011). This work was featured in SciBX 4 [31] (2011)
and in the August 19, 2011 issue of BioWorld.
88. “A General Strategy for the Evolution of Bond-Forming Enzymes Using Yeast Display” Chen, I.; Dorr, B. M.;
Liu, D. R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 11399-11404 (2011). This work was highlighted in a technology
feature in Nat. Methods 8, 623 (2011).
89. “Small-Molecule Discovery from DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries” Kleiner, R. E.; Dumelin, C. E.; Liu, D. R.
Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 5707-5717 (2011).
90. “Revealing Off-Target Cleavage Specificities of Zinc Finger Nucleases by In Vitro Selection” Pattanayak, V.;
Ramirez, C. L.; Joung, J. K.; Liu, D. R. Nat. Methods 8, 765-770 (2011). This work was featured in a news
story in the August 7, 2011 issue of Nature, in a Highlight in Nat. Genet., in a news story in C&E News, 89
[33], 8 (2011), in a news story in the August 7, 2011 issue of The Scientist, in a News and Views article in
Nat. Methods 8, 725 (2011), and as a news story in the August 10, 2011 issue of BioWorld Today.
91. “DNA Enabled Self-Assembly of Plasmonic Nanoclusters” Fan, J.; He, Y.; Bao, K.; Wu, C.; Bao, J.; Schade,
N.; Manoharan, V.; Shvets, G.; Nordlander, P.; Liu, D. R.; Capasso, F. Nano Letters 11, 4859-4864 (2011).
92. “Engineering, Identifying, and Applying Supercharged Proteins for Macromolecule Delivery into Mammalian
Cells” Thompson, D. B.; Cronican, J. J.; Liu, D. R. Methods in Enzymology 503, 293-319 (2012).
93. “Highly Specific, Bisubstrate-Competitive Src Inhibitors From DNA-Templated Macrocycles” Georghiou, G.;
Kleiner, R. E.; Pulkoski-Gross, M.; Liu, D. R.; Seeliger, M. A. Nat. Chem. Biol. 8, 366-374 (2012).
94. “Cellular Uptake Mechanisms and Endosomal Trafficking of Supercharged Proteins” Thompson, D. B.;
Villaseñor, R.; Dorr, B. M.; Zerial, M.; Liu, D. R. Chem. Biol. 19, 831-843 (2012).
95. “Discovery and Biological Characterization of Geranylated RNA in Bacteria” Dumelin, C. E.; Chen. Y.;
Leconte, A. M.; Chen. Y. G.; Liu, D. R. Nat. Chem. Biol. 8, 913-919 (2012). This work was featured in a
Science and Technology Concentrate in C&E News and in Nat. Rev. Microbiology 10, 731 (2012).
96. “DNA Ligase-Mediated Translation of DNA Into Densely Functionalized Nucleic Acid Polymers” Hili, R.; Niu,
J.; Liu, D. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc 135, 98-101 (2013). This work was featured in a Spotlight in J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 135, 1627 (2013).
97. “A Population-Based Experimental Model for Protein Evolution: Effects of Mutation Rate and Selection
Stringency on Evolutionary Outcomes” Leconte, A. M.; Dickinson, B. C.; Yang, D. D.; Chen, I. A.; Allen, B.;
Liu, D. R. Biochemistry 52, 1490-1499 (2013).
98. “Enzyme-Free Translation of DNA into Sequence-Defined Synthetic Polymers Structurally Unrelated to
Nucleic Acids” Niu, J.; Hili, R.; Liu, D. R. Nat. Chem. 5, 282-292 (2013). This work was featured in a News &
Views article in Nat. Chem. 5, 252-253 (2013), in a Science and Technology Concentrate in C&E News 91
[9], 45 (2013), in a news story in Chemistry World (March 3, 2013), an in a News & Views article in Nat.
Biotechnol. 31, 613 (2013).
99. “Discovery of Widespread GTP-Binding Motifs in Genomic DNA and RNA” Curtis, E. A. and Liu, D. R. Chem
Biol. 20, 521-532 (2013).

100. “Experimental Interrogation of the Path Dependence and Stochasticity of Protein Evolution Using Phage-
Assisted Continuous Evolution” Dickinson, B. C.; Leconte, A. M.; Allen, B.; Esvelt, K. M.; Liu, D. R. Proc.

Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110, 9007-9012 (2013).
101. “Sequence-Controlled Polymers” Lutz, J.-F.; Ouchi, M.; Liu, D. R.; Sawamoto, M. Science 341, 628
(1238149-1 to 1238149-8 online) (2013).
102. “High-Throughput Profiling of Off-Target DNA Cleavage Reveals RNA-Programmed Cas9 Nuclease
Specificity” Pattanayak, V.; Lin, S.; Guilinger, J.P.; Ma, E.; Doudna, J. A.; Liu, D. R. Nat. Biotechnol. 31, 839-
843 (2013). This work was featured in a News & Views article in Nat. Biotechnol. 31, 807-809 (2013).

103. “In Silico Abstraction of Zinc Finger Nuclease Cleavage Profiles Reveals an Expanded Landscape of Off-
Target Mutations” Sander, J.; Ramirez, C.; Linder, S.; Pattanayak, V.; Shoresh, N.; Ku, M.; Foden, J.; Reyon,

D.; Bernstein, B.; Liu, D. R.; Joung, J. K. Nucl. Acids Res. 41, e181 (2013).
104. “Negative Selection And Stringency Modulation Enable Phage-Assisted Continuous Evolution (PACE) of
Enzymes with Altered Specificity” Carlson, J. C.; Badran, A. H.; Nilo, D. A.; Liu, D. R. Nat. Chem. Biol. 10,
216-222 (2014).
105. “Immobilization of Actively Thromnoresistant Assemblies on Sterile Blood-Contacting Surfaces” Qu Z.;
Krishnamurthy, V.; Haller, C. A.; Dorr, B. M.; Marzec, U. M.; Hurst, S.; Hinds, M. T.; Hanson, S. R.; Liu, D.
R.; Chaikof, E. L. Adv. Healthcare Mat. 3, 30-35 (2014).
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